Foundation

Core Core Vocabulary Shared infrastructure for all modules
iroko:
v2.0.0 · iroko-core.ttl

The foundation every module builds on. Defines access level governance (iroko:minimumAccessLevel, six levels from public-unrestricted to no-access), the Assertion superclass and RelationshipAssertion reification pattern, AccessPolicy, TemporalVariation, FieldworkEvent, SacredMedia, and a thin narrative spine (Narrative, NarrativeVariant, TextSegment, Commentary) that iroko-narrative extends. All 58 properties are annotated with their minimum access level; numeric notations (1–5, 99) support filter-based enforcement.

16Classes
58Properties
10Schemes
96Concepts
Classes SacredEntity, SacredSpecimen, LineageKnowledgeGraph, ContestedAuthority, DocumentaryEvidence, SacredMedia, Assertion, RelationshipAssertion, RitualAuthority, TemporalVariation, AccessPolicy, FieldworkEvent, Narrative, NarrativeVariant, TextSegment, Commentary
Schemes Access Levels (6); Traditions (incl. Vodou, Ghede, Obeah, New Orleans Voodoo); Epistemic Types; Sacred Status; Custodial Relationships; Community Endorsement; Assertion Status; Media Types; Recording Context; Consent Status

Governance Layer

These five modules compose onto any domain module to add sovereignty infrastructure. Load the ones your use case requires — each declares its dependencies and cross-references. See the Architecture documentation for module combination patterns.

Agency Agency Module Sacred agents, spirits & ritual events
ag:
v1.0.0 · iroko-agency.ttl

Sovereignty-aligned agency model. Defines sacred agents (including spirits as first-class participants) and ritual events without metaphysical claims. Covers authorization events, refusal events, stewardship mandates, and authorization chains. Designed for graceful degradation — minimal use requires only ag:SacredAgent, ag:Spirit, and ag:RitualEvent. Pair with iroko-authority for full authorization governance; iroko-manifestation for mode-of-presence modeling.

10Classes
8Properties
Schemes
Concepts
Classes SacredAgent, Spirit, RitualEvent, ManifestationEvent, AuthorizationEvent, RefusalEvent, RitualAction, AuthorizationChain, StewardshipMandate, RitualConsequence
Note No concept schemes — event and agent subtype classification is handled in domain modules. PROV-O alignment available in iroko-align-prov.ttl.
Authority Authority Module Ritual governance & jurisdiction
auth:
v1.0.0 · iroko-authority.ttl

Full development of the iroko:RitualAuthority stub in Core. Models authority types, authorization basis (succession, consecration, community recognition, divinatory selection, hereditary, appointment), jurisdictions, recognition networks, and temporal validity. Used to authorize assertion-level claims across all modules. Distinct from ile:ReligiousOffice, which models specific title instances held by individuals. Commonly paired with iroko-epistemic.

5Classes
11Properties
3Schemes
19Concepts
Classes Authority, AuthorityType, AuthorityBasis, RitualRole, Jurisdiction
Schemes Authority Types (6): house, lineage, council, individual elder, cabildo, divinatory office; Authority Bases (7); Ritual Roles (6): priest, diviner, elder, witness, community delegate, archivist-steward
Epistemic Epistemic Module Knowledge gating & disclosure governance
ep:
v1.0.0 · iroko-epistemic.ttl

Knowledge gating for sovereignty-aware archives. Governs when, to whom, and under what conditions knowledge may be disclosed, withheld, or restricted — without encoding the restricted knowledge itself. Distinct from iroko:accessLevel (which controls who may access a resource): epistemic constraints model the basis and conditions of restriction. Basis types: initiation, lineage, gender regime, community mandate, ritual condition, safety, temporal, unknown.

5Classes
5Properties
1Scheme
8Concepts
Classes EpistemicConstraint, DisclosurePermission, DisclosureRestriction, SanctionedDisclosure, ConstraintBasis
Scheme Constraint Bases (8): initiation, lineage, gender regime, community mandate, ritual condition, safety, temporal, unknown
Narrative Narrative Module Sacred story systems & transmission chains
narr:
v1.0.0 · iroko-narrative.ttl

Full narrative modeling built on the thin Core spine. Adds story transmission chains (narr:StoryLineage), contested kinship claims as Assertion subtypes (narr:KinshipClaim), testimonies, fieldnotes, and typed variant relationships. Researcher voice (Fieldnote) is kept structurally distinct from community voice (Testimony). Covers odù verse traditions, patakí, konté, and equivalent narrative corpora across traditions.

5Classes
22Properties
5Schemes
35Concepts
Classes Testimony, Fieldnote, StoryLineage, KinshipClaim, InterpretiveStance
Schemes Narrative Roles (7), Segment Types (8), Variant Relation Types (6), Interpretive Stances (6), Kinship Types (8)
Manifestation Manifestation Module Sacred agent manifestation modes & media
mani:
v1.0.0 · iroko-manifestation.ttl

Optional module for modeling how sacred agents are asserted to manifest — through embodied presence, possession, dream, divination, symbolic representation, territorial claim, or auditory sign. Plugs into ag:ManifestationEvent. Supports iroko:TemporalVariation where manifestation modes shift by ritual calendar or initiation cycle. These are descriptive, not metaphysical — they record what a tradition asserts in its own terms.

3Classes
4Properties
2Schemes
14Concepts
Classes ManifestationMode, Medium, MediumType
Schemes Manifestation Modes (8): embodied, possession, dream, divination, symbolic, territorial, auditory, unknown; Medium Types (6)

Domain Modules

Ten tradition-specific modules, each covering a distinct knowledge domain. All depend on iroko-core; each declares dcterms:references to the governance-layer modules it is designed to work with.

Botanical Ewé Module Sacred plant knowledge
ewe:
v1.0.0 · iroko-ewe.ttl

Vocabulary for documenting sacred plant knowledge in Afro-Atlantic traditions. Provides ritual use governance layered over Darwin Core botanical data, with field-level access control down to harvest protocol and preparation method. Composes with iroko-epistemic for disclosure constraints on preparation details; iroko-travay for the ceremony contexts in which plants are deployed.

3Classes
22Properties
5Schemes
62Concepts
Classes Plant, PlantPreparation, HerbariumSheet
Schemes Medicinal Uses, Ritual Uses, Plant Parts, Harvest Protocols, Preparation Methods
Entities Nkisi Module Spiritual entities & kinship
nkisi:
v1.0.0 · iroko-nkisi.ttl

Vocabulary for documenting spiritual entities across Afro-Atlantic traditions. Covers orisa, lwa, mpungo, vodun, egun, ajogun, Ori, and spirits of place. Supports camino/path modeling, syncretic identity tracking, spirit kinship relations, and polarity modality. Composes with iroko-agency for manifestation events; iroko-authority to govern assertion claims about entity identity; iroko-narrative for patakí and odù verse attribution.

4Classes
31Properties
6Schemes
54Concepts
Classes SpiritualEntity, Path, Offering, Shrine
Schemes Entity Types, Commission Types, Spirit Kinship Relations, Polarity & Gender Modality, Offering Types, Shrine Types
Ritual Travay Module Ritual processes & ceremonies
travay:
v1.0.0 · iroko-travay.ttl

Vocabulary for documenting ritual processes in Afro-Atlantic traditions. Distinguishes recurring ceremonies from threshold initiatory rites. Access control operates at the property level: ceremony existence is public; operational sequences and material details are restricted. Composes with iroko-authority to document who may perform or authorize a ceremony; iroko-epistemic for disclosure constraints on operational sequences.

4Classes
23Properties
5Schemes
42Concepts
Classes RitualProcess, Ceremony, InitiatoryRite, CeremonialSequence
Schemes Process Types, Authority Levels, Participant Roles, Initiation Levels, Timing Requirements
Lineage Ilé Module Houses, lineage & religious office
ile:
v1.0.0 · iroko-ile.ttl

Vocabulary for documenting Afro-Atlantic religious houses, lineage structures, initiation genealogy, authority transmission, and schism events. Extends schema:Organization and FOAF with tradition-specific governance and lineage modeling. Covers ilé, terreiro, hounfò, cabildo, and analogous institutions. Composes with iroko-authority for title and governance modeling; iroko-epistemic to constrain disclosure of initiation details and membership records.

6Classes
38Properties
5Schemes
58Concepts
Classes House, Cabildo, Lineage, InitiationEvent, ReligiousOffice, SchismEvent
Schemes House Types (12), Authority Titles (20), Initiation Types (13), Governance Models (8), Transmission Types (5)
Divination Marca Module Divination systems & verse corpora
marca:
v1.0.0 · iroko-marca.ttl

Vocabulary for documenting divination systems, sacred signs, reading records, and verse corpora across Afro-Atlantic traditions. Covers Ifá (256 odù), Dilogún, Fá, Obi, and Chamalongo. Sign names and system typologies are public; verse texts, reading details, and prescribed works are restricted at the property level. Composes with iroko-authority to document reading authorization; iroko-narrative for verse corpus transmission and patakí variant relationships.

5Classes
29Properties
4Schemes
34Concepts
Classes DivinationSystem, DivinationSign, DivinationReading, DivinationVerse, DivinationCorpus
Schemes Divination System Types (9), Casting Media (8), Outcome Types (9), Prescribed Work Types (8)
Societies Ékpè Module Initiatory societies & esoteric governance
ekpe:
v1.0.0 · iroko-ekpe.ttl

Vocabulary for documenting initiatory societies, graded initiation systems, esoteric governance structures, and masquerade traditions. Covers Ékpè/Ngbe, Abakuá, Ogboni, Oro, Gelede, Egungun, Poro, and Sande. Models institutional structure without exposing restricted grade content or member identities. Composes with iroko-authority for grade conferral and recognition networks; iroko-epistemic for restricted content constraints.

6Classes
34Properties
4Schemes
30Concepts
Classes InitiatorySociety, SocietyLodge, SocietyGrade, SocietyTitle, MembershipRecord, SocietyMasquerade
Schemes Society Types (10), Governance Structures (6), Title Conferral Methods (6), Masquerade Functions (8)
Graphic Vèvè Module Graphic sign systems & sacred diagrams
veve:
v1.0.0 · iroko-veve.ttl

Vocabulary for documenting graphic sign systems, sacred diagrams, and esoteric scripts across Afro-Atlantic traditions. Covers Vèvè (Vodou), Firma/Patipemba (Palo Monte), Ponto Riscado (Umbanda/Quimbanda), Anaforuana (Abakuá), Nsibidi (Ejagham), Adinkra (Akan), and Kongo cosmograms. Access control runs from public (sign system typology) through initiated-elder (operational drawing sequences) to no-access (selected Anaforuana protected by tradition authority). Composes with iroko-authority to document transmission authorization.

4Classes
21Properties
5Schemes
48Concepts
Classes GraphicSign, SignSystem, SignInstance, SignCorpus
Schemes Sign System Types (8), Sign Functions (11), Drawing Media (13), Drawing Surfaces (12), Sign Permanence (4)
Music Ngoma Module Sacred music, rhythms & instruments
ngoma:
v1.0.0 · iroko-ngoma.ttl

Vocabulary for documenting sacred rhythms, songs, consecrated instruments, drum set lineages, and musician authority transmission. Covers Lucumí bàtá (Añá), Vodou Rada/Petwo, Candomblé atabaques, and Palo nkómo. Public knowledge includes rhythm names and entity associations; toque sequences, song texts, and drum consecration details are restricted. Composes with iroko-agency for consecrated instrument agency; iroko-authority for musician lineage authorization; iroko-narrative for song transmission chains.

5Classes
28Properties
4Schemes
33Concepts
Classes SacredRhythm, SacredSong, SacredInstrument, SacredDrumSet, MusicianLineage
Schemes Rhythm Families (9), Rhythm Functions (9), Instrument Types (8), Song Functions (7)
Movements Sankofa Module Reclamation movements & diaspora returns
sankofa:
v1.0.0 · iroko-sankofa.ttl

Vocabulary for documenting revitalization movements, diaspora returns to African source communities, and reconstructed practices. Heritage relationships are modeled as iroko:RelationshipAssertion — multiple perspectives documented without adjudicating authenticity. Composes with iroko-authority to document who may authorize heritage relationship claims and tradition recognition; iroko-narrative for movement histories and contested origin accounts.

4Classes
22Properties
5Schemes
32Concepts
Classes ReclamationMovement, DiasporaReturn, ReconstructedPractice, HeritageRelationship
Schemes Movement Types (8), Return Types (6), Reconstruction Methods (6), Heritage Relationship Types (6), Recognition Status (6)
Language Qal Module Sacred lexicons & liturgical language
qal:
v1.0.0 · iroko-qal.ttl

Vocabulary for documenting sacred lexicons, liturgical languages, and esoteric terminology. Qal (ቃል) — Ge'ez for "word." Covers Lucumí, Kikongo, Haitian Kreyòl ceremonial register, Fon/Ewe, and Ge'ez. Integrates OntoLex-Lemon for multilingual lexicographic infrastructure. Access runs from public definitions through no-access secret names. Composes with iroko-epistemic for secret name and esoteric term disclosure constraints; iroko-narrative for liturgical phrase transmission chains and praise poetry provenance.

6Classes
23Properties
5Schemes
37Concepts
Classes SacredLanguage, LexicalEntry, LexicalSense, LiturgicalPhrase, SacredSpeechAct, SecretName
Schemes Language Types (6), Speech Act Types (10), Script Systems (8), Secret Name Conventions (6), Parts of Speech (7)

About the Iroko Framework

The Iroko Framework provides controlled vocabularies and access governance mechanisms for documenting sacred knowledge in Afro-Atlantic traditions. It supports postcustodial archival approaches where communities maintain authority over their knowledge while enabling semantic interoperability with institutional archives and linked data systems.

All modules serialize to RDF/Turtle and integrate with standard external vocabularies including Darwin Core, Dublin Core, PROV-O, FOAF, schema.org, and OntoLex-Lemon. The PROV-O alignment (iroko-align-prov.ttl) is available as an optional reference file for interoperability contexts.

  • Field-Level Access Control — Every property in every module carries an iroko:minimumAccessLevel annotation (six levels, numeric notations 1–5 and 99) enabling filter-based enforcement at the application layer. See Architecture for the enforcement contract and SPARQL filter pattern.
  • Three-Tier Architecture — One foundation (Core), five composable Governance Layer modules (Agency, Authority, Epistemic, Narrative, Manifestation), and ten Domain modules. Load only what your use case requires.
  • Contested Knowledge Support — Multiple lineage perspectives coexist through Assertion reification without forcing resolution. Contested, lineage-specific, and consensual claims are all first-class.
  • Sovereign Agency — Refusal events, stewardship mandates, and authorization chains model community authority as positive assertions, not just access restrictions.
  • Provenance Tracking — Oral transmission chains, fieldwork events, epistemic basis, and community endorsement status throughout.
  • Semantic Interoperability — Darwin Core, SKOS, Dublin Core, PROV-O, FOAF, schema.org, OntoLex-Lemon.

Resources

Namespace Prefixes

Base: https://ontology.irokosociety.org/

  • iroko:  …/core#
  • ag:     …/agency#
  • auth:   …/authority#
  • ep:     …/epistemic#
  • narr:   …/narrative#
  • mani:   …/manifestation#
  • ewe:    …/ewe#
  • nkisi:  …/nkisi#
  • travay: …/travay#
  • ile:    …/ile#
  • marca:  …/marca#
  • ekpe:   …/ekpe#
  • veve:   …/veve#
  • ngoma:  …/ngoma#
  • sankofa: …/sankofa#
  • qal:    …/qal#

Citation

Iroko Historical Society. (2026). Iroko Framework: Controlled Vocabularies for Afro-Atlantic Sacred Knowledge Systems (v2.0.0). https://ontology.irokosociety.org. CC0 1.0 Universal.

Full Vocabulary Index — all 1,044 terms across 16 modules →

Every class, property, and concept with definitions and direct links to module browse pages.