@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix iroko: <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

# ── Ontology declaration ────────────────────────────────────────────────────

<https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> a owl:Ontology ;
    dcterms:title "Iroko Framework: Ewe Module (Sacred Plant Knowledge)"@en ;
    dcterms:description "Domain module. Vocabulary for documenting sacred plant knowledge in Afro-Atlantic traditions. Provides ritual use governance over Darwin Core botanical data. Focus on medicinal and ritual applications, harvest protocols, preparation methods, and access control for operational knowledge. Use with iroko-epistemic to model harvest and preparation constraints; with iroko-travay for ceremony context in which plants are deployed. Darwin Core alignment declarations are in iroko-align-dwc."@en ;
    dcterms:creator "Iroko Historical Society" ;
    dcterms:created "2026-02-17"^^xsd:date ;
    dcterms:modified "2026-03-08"^^xsd:date ;
    dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/> ;
    dcterms:isPartOf <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-framework/> ;
    dcterms:references <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-epistemic>,
                       <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-travay> ;
    rdfs:seeAlso <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-framework/> ;
    owl:imports <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-core> ;
    owl:versionIRI <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe/2.1.0> ;
    owl:versionInfo "2.1.0" .

# ── Classes ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

iroko:Plant a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Plant"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Sacred plant entity in Afro-Atlantic traditions. Adds ritual, medicinal, and access governance dimensions to botanical description. Darwin Core alignment (owl:equivalentClass dwc:Occurrence, skos:exactMatch dwc:Taxon) is declared in iroko-align-dwc."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf iroko:SacredEntity ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> .

iroko:EwePlantRecord a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Ewe Plant Record"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "An archival record documenting a sacred plant within the Iroko Historical Society dataset. Subclass of Plant. Use this class for dataset instances; use iroko:Plant for abstract botanical entities and cross-module joins."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> .

iroko:HerbariumSheet a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Herbarium Sheet"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Physical plant specimen preserved for documentation. Links botanical voucher to a plant record and archival photograph via iroko:documentsPlant and iroko:photographicVoucher. Darwin Core alignment: iroko:specimenNumber skos:exactMatch dwc:catalogNumber (declared in iroko-align-dwc)."@en ;
    rdfs:subClassOf iroko:DocumentaryEvidence ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> .

iroko:PlantPreparation a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Plant Preparation"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A prepared spiritual material combining specific plants with defined quantities and methods. Example: Omiero for Obatala (bath with 21 leaves of Akoko, Prodigiosa, Albahaca blanca). Constituent plants are linked via iroko:hasConstituent; quantities via iroko:constituentQuantity; full instructions via iroko:preparationInstructions (initiated-only)."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> .

# ── Properties: HerbariumSheet ──────────────────────────────────────────────

iroko:specimenNumber a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "specimen number"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Herbarium catalog number or specimen identifier. Aligns with dwc:catalogNumber (see iroko-align-dwc)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:HerbariumSheet ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-public-unrestricted .

iroko:documentsPlant a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "documents plant"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Links a HerbariumSheet voucher specimen to the Plant record it documents. Enables herbarium institution records to join to Iroko plant records."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:HerbariumSheet ;
    rdfs:range iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-public-unrestricted .

# ── Properties: PlantPreparation ────────────────────────────────────────────

iroko:hasConstituent a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has constituent"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Links a PlantPreparation to each constituent Plant. A preparation may have multiple constituents. Use with iroko:constituentQuantity to record the quantity of each constituent."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:PlantPreparation ;
    rdfs:range iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-community-only .

iroko:constituentQuantity a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "constituent quantity"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Quantity of a constituent plant in a preparation. Free-text to accommodate ritual number conventions (e.g. '21 leaves', '7 roots', 'a handful'). Attach to the PlantPreparation node, not to the Plant node directly."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:PlantPreparation ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-community-only .

iroko:preparationInstructions a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "preparation instructions"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Complete instructions for assembling the PlantPreparation: order of addition, timing, incantations, quantities, and critical steps. Governed at initiated-only minimum; elder-initiated for consecrated preparations such as Omiero."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:PlantPreparation ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-initiated-only .

# ── Properties: Plant ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

iroko:ritualNote a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
    rdfs:label "ritual note"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Free-text annotation on ritual or linguistic context not captured by controlled vocabulary. Includes etymology, geographic distribution notes, and cross-tradition observations. Canonical singular form — use iroko:ritualNote, not iroko:ritualNotes."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:EwePlantRecord ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-public-unrestricted .

iroko:ritualNotes a owl:AnnotationProperty ;
    rdfs:label "ritual notes (deprecated)"@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    rdfs:seeAlso iroko:ritualNote ;
    rdfs:comment "Deprecated plural form. Use iroko:ritualNote instead."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> .

iroko:collisionNote a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "collision note"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Explanation of name collision: which plants share the name, how to distinguish, regional variations. Canonical singular form — use iroko:collisionNote, not iroko:collisionNotes."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:EwePlantRecord ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-community-only .

iroko:collisionNotes a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "collision notes (deprecated)"@en ;
    owl:deprecated true ;
    rdfs:seeAlso iroko:collisionNote ;
    rdfs:comment "Deprecated plural form. Use iroko:collisionNote instead."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> .

iroko:contraindication a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "contraindication"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Safety warnings: allergic reactions, pregnancy contraindications, toxic if ingested, etc."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-public-unrestricted .

iroko:entityAssociation a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "entity association"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Spiritual entity (orisa, lwa, mpungu) associated with this plant. Links to Nkisi module."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range iroko:SpiritualEntity ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-public-unrestricted .

iroko:harvestProtocol a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "harvest protocol"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Method of harvesting: ritual vs. commercial, timing, offerings required. Values: iroko:harvest-ritual-offering-required, iroko:harvest-wildcrafted, iroko:harvest-cultivated, etc."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range skos:Concept ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-community-only .

iroko:harvestProtocolDetailed a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "harvest protocol (detailed)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Detailed harvest instructions: exact timing (dawn, dusk), direction (face east), quantities (3, 7, 9, 21), offerings required."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-community-only .

iroko:medicinalUse a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "medicinal use"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Medicinal or healing application of this plant. Values from controlled vocabulary: iroko:medicinal-fever-reduction, iroko:medicinal-digestive-support, etc."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range skos:Concept ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-public-unrestricted .

iroko:nameCollision a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "name collision"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Boolean indicating if the same vernacular name refers to multiple distinct species."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-community-only .

iroko:photographicVoucher a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "photographic voucher"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Link to photographic documentation of this plant specimen. Aligns with dwc:associatedMedia (see iroko-align-dwc)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range iroko:DocumentaryEvidence ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-public-unrestricted .

iroko:plantPart a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "plant part"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Which part of the plant is used. Values: iroko:part-leaf, iroko:part-root, iroko:part-bark, etc."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range skos:Concept ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-public-unrestricted .

iroko:preparationMethod a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "preparation method"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "General preparation method. Values: iroko:prep-infusion, iroko:prep-decoction, iroko:prep-bath, etc."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range skos:Concept ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-community-only .

iroko:preparationMethodDetailed a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "preparation method (detailed)"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Exact preparation instructions including timing, quantities, and critical steps."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-initiated-only .

iroko:processReference a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "process reference"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Ritual process where this plant is used. Links to Travay module."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range iroko:RitualProcess ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-community-only .

iroko:ritualContext a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "ritual context"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Textual description of ceremonial use context."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range xsd:string ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-community-only .

iroko:ritualUse a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "ritual use"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Ceremonial or spiritual application of this plant. Values: iroko:ritual-purification-cleansing, iroko:ritual-protection-boundary, etc."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range skos:Concept ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-public-unrestricted .

iroko:signReference a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "sign reference"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Divination sign that prescribes this plant. Links to Marca module."@en ;
    rdfs:domain iroko:Plant ;
    rdfs:range iroko:DivinationSign ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe> ;
    iroko:minimumAccessLevel iroko:access-initiated-only .

# ── Concept Schemes and Concepts (unchanged) ────────────────────────────────

iroko:HarvestProtocolScheme a skos:ConceptScheme ;
    rdfs:label "Harvest Protocol Classification"@en ;
    dcterms:description "Methods and requirements for harvesting plants."@en ;
    skos:hasTopConcept iroko:harvest-commercial-market, iroko:harvest-cultivated,
        iroko:harvest-lunar-phase-required, iroko:harvest-plant-spirit-offering,
        iroko:harvest-ritual-offering-required, iroko:harvest-specific-practitioner,
        iroko:harvest-specific-time-of-day, iroko:harvest-wildcrafted .

iroko:harvest-commercial-market a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Commercial/Market"@en ; skos:definition "Purchased from commercial sources or markets."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:HarvestProtocolScheme .
iroko:harvest-cultivated a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Cultivated"@en ; skos:definition "Grown intentionally in gardens or farms."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:HarvestProtocolScheme .
iroko:harvest-lunar-phase-required a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Requires Lunar Phase"@en ; skos:definition "Must be harvested during a specific moon phase."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:HarvestProtocolScheme .
iroko:harvest-plant-spirit-offering a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Requires Offering to Plant Spirit"@en ; skos:definition "Offering (water, coins, tobacco) must be left at plant base."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:HarvestProtocolScheme .
iroko:harvest-ritual-offering-required a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Ritual Harvest (Offering Required)"@en ; skos:definition "Requires ritual protocol and offering to plant spirit before harvesting."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:HarvestProtocolScheme .
iroko:harvest-specific-practitioner a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Requires Specific Practitioner"@en ; skos:definition "Must be harvested by a practitioner with specific initiation."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:HarvestProtocolScheme .
iroko:harvest-specific-time-of-day a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Requires Specific Time of Day"@en ; skos:definition "Must be harvested at dawn, dusk, midnight, etc."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:HarvestProtocolScheme .
iroko:harvest-wildcrafted a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Wildcrafted (No Ritual)"@en ; skos:definition "Harvested from wild without specific ritual protocol."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:HarvestProtocolScheme .

iroko:MedicinalUseScheme a skos:ConceptScheme ;
    rdfs:label "Medicinal Use Classification"@en ;
    dcterms:description "Controlled vocabulary of medicinal and healing applications."@en ;
    skos:hasTopConcept iroko:medicinal-anti-inflammatory, iroko:medicinal-digestive-support,
        iroko:medicinal-fever-reduction, iroko:medicinal-general-tonic,
        iroko:medicinal-maternal-postpartum, iroko:medicinal-pain-relief,
        iroko:medicinal-pediatric, iroko:medicinal-reproductive-fertility,
        iroko:medicinal-respiratory-support, iroko:medicinal-skin-topical,
        iroko:medicinal-spiritual-psychosomatic, iroko:medicinal-wound-healing .

iroko:medicinal-anti-inflammatory a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Anti-Inflammatory"@en ; skos:definition "Reduces inflammation and swelling."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:MedicinalUseScheme .
iroko:medicinal-digestive-support a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Digestive Support"@en ; skos:definition "Supports digestive system, relieves stomach issues."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:MedicinalUseScheme .
iroko:medicinal-fever-reduction a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Fever Reduction"@en ; skos:definition "Reduces fever, antipyretic properties."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:MedicinalUseScheme .
iroko:medicinal-general-tonic a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "General Tonic"@en ; skos:definition "Overall health tonic, vitality support."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:MedicinalUseScheme .
iroko:medicinal-maternal-postpartum a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Maternal/Postpartum"@en ; skos:definition "Postpartum recovery and maternal health."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:MedicinalUseScheme .
iroko:medicinal-pain-relief a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Pain Relief"@en ; skos:definition "Analgesic properties, relieves pain."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:MedicinalUseScheme .
iroko:medicinal-pediatric a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Pediatric"@en ; skos:definition "Safe for children, pediatric applications."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:MedicinalUseScheme .
iroko:medicinal-reproductive-fertility a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Reproductive/Fertility"@en ; skos:definition "Supports reproductive health and fertility."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:MedicinalUseScheme .
iroko:medicinal-respiratory-support a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Respiratory Support"@en ; skos:definition "Supports respiratory system, cough relief, asthma."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:MedicinalUseScheme .
iroko:medicinal-skin-topical a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Skin/Topical"@en ; skos:definition "Applied to skin for rashes, irritation, wounds."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:MedicinalUseScheme .
iroko:medicinal-spiritual-psychosomatic a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Spiritual/Psychosomatic"@en ; skos:definition "Addresses spiritual and emotional dimensions of illness."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:MedicinalUseScheme .
iroko:medicinal-wound-healing a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Wound Healing"@en ; skos:definition "Promotes wound healing, tissue repair."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:MedicinalUseScheme .

iroko:PlantPartScheme a skos:ConceptScheme ;
    rdfs:label "Plant Part Classification"@en ;
    dcterms:description "Which part of the plant is used."@en ;
    skos:hasTopConcept iroko:part-bark, iroko:part-bulb, iroko:part-flower, iroko:part-fruit,
        iroko:part-leaf, iroko:part-pollen, iroko:part-resin, iroko:part-root,
        iroko:part-sap, iroko:part-seed, iroko:part-stem, iroko:part-whole-plant .

iroko:part-bark a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Bark"@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PlantPartScheme .
iroko:part-bulb a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Bulb"@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PlantPartScheme .
iroko:part-flower a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Flower"@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PlantPartScheme .
iroko:part-fruit a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Fruit"@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PlantPartScheme .
iroko:part-leaf a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Leaf"@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PlantPartScheme .
iroko:part-pollen a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Pollen"@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PlantPartScheme .
iroko:part-resin a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Resin"@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PlantPartScheme .
iroko:part-root a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Root"@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PlantPartScheme .
iroko:part-sap a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Sap"@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PlantPartScheme .
iroko:part-seed a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Seed"@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PlantPartScheme .
iroko:part-stem a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Stem"@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PlantPartScheme .
iroko:part-whole-plant a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Whole Plant"@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PlantPartScheme .

iroko:PreparationMethodScheme a skos:ConceptScheme ;
    rdfs:label "Preparation Method Classification"@en ;
    dcterms:description "Methods for preparing plant materials."@en ;
    skos:hasTopConcept iroko:prep-bath, iroko:prep-decoction, iroko:prep-dried-bundle,
        iroko:prep-fumigation, iroko:prep-incantation-only, iroko:prep-infusion,
        iroko:prep-ingestion, iroko:prep-maceration, iroko:prep-poultice,
        iroko:prep-powder, iroko:prep-tincture, iroko:prep-topical, iroko:prep-wash .

iroko:prep-bath a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Bath (Bano/Bain)"@en ; skos:definition "Prepared as spiritual bath for immersion or washing."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PreparationMethodScheme .
iroko:prep-decoction a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Decoction (Boiled)"@en ; skos:definition "Boiled to extract properties from harder plant parts."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PreparationMethodScheme .
iroko:prep-dried-bundle a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Dried Bundle"@en ; skos:definition "Dried and bundled for hanging or storage."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PreparationMethodScheme .
iroko:prep-fumigation a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Fumigation (Sahumerio)"@en ; skos:definition "Burned as incense or smoke for cleansing."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PreparationMethodScheme .
iroko:prep-incantation-only a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Incantation-Only"@en ; skos:definition "Used ritually with words or prayers but not physically prepared."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PreparationMethodScheme .
iroko:prep-infusion a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Infusion (Hot Water)"@en ; skos:definition "Steeped in hot water like tea."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PreparationMethodScheme .
iroko:prep-ingestion a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Ingestion (Tea/Food)"@en ; skos:definition "Consumed internally as tea, tonic, or food."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PreparationMethodScheme .
iroko:prep-maceration a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Maceration (Cold Soak)"@en ; skos:definition "Soaked in cold water or oil for an extended period."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PreparationMethodScheme .
iroko:prep-poultice a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Poultice/Compress"@en ; skos:definition "Applied topically as paste or compress."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PreparationMethodScheme .
iroko:prep-powder a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Powder (Afoche)"@en ; skos:definition "Dried and ground into powder."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PreparationMethodScheme .
iroko:prep-tincture a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Tincture/Alcohol"@en ; skos:definition "Extracted in alcohol or spirits."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PreparationMethodScheme .
iroko:prep-topical a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Topical Application"@en ; skos:definition "Applied directly to skin or affected area."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PreparationMethodScheme .
iroko:prep-wash a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Wash (Omiero/Lavage)"@en ; skos:definition "Prepared as liquid wash for ritual bathing or anointing."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:PreparationMethodScheme .

iroko:RitualUseScheme a skos:ConceptScheme ;
    rdfs:label "Ritual Use Classification"@en ;
    dcterms:description "Controlled vocabulary of ceremonial and spiritual applications."@en ;
    skos:hasTopConcept iroko:ritual-ancestor-veneration, iroko:ritual-consecration,
        iroko:ritual-cosmological-symbolic, iroko:ritual-death-rites,
        iroko:ritual-divination-enhancement, iroko:ritual-domination-binding,
        iroko:ritual-healing-restoration, iroko:ritual-house-blessing,
        iroko:ritual-invocation-communication, iroko:ritual-legal-justice,
        iroko:ritual-love-attraction, iroko:ritual-offering-devotion,
        iroko:ritual-prosperity-abundance, iroko:ritual-protection-boundary,
        iroko:ritual-purification-cleansing, iroko:ritual-rites-of-transition,
        iroko:ritual-road-opening .

iroko:ritual-ancestor-veneration a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Ancestor Veneration"@en ; skos:definition "Honors ancestors, facilitates ancestral connection."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-consecration a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Consecration"@en ; skos:definition "Consecrates objects, spaces, and persons."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-cosmological-symbolic a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Cosmological/Symbolic"@en ; skos:definition "Represents cosmological principles and symbolic meaning."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-death-rites a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Death Rites"@en ; skos:definition "Funeral ceremonies and death transitions."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-divination-enhancement a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Divination Enhancement"@en ; skos:definition "Enhances divinatory abilities and spiritual sight."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-domination-binding a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Domination/Binding"@en ; skos:definition "Binds, controls, or dominates situations or people."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-healing-restoration a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Healing/Restoration"@en ; skos:definition "Spiritual healing, restoration of balance."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-house-blessing a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "House/Space Blessing"@en ; skos:definition "Blesses homes, workplaces, and sacred spaces."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-invocation-communication a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Invocation/Communication"@en ; skos:definition "Facilitates communication with spirits and invocation."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-legal-justice a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Legal/Justice"@en ; skos:definition "Legal matters, court cases, justice."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-love-attraction a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Love/Attraction"@en ; skos:definition "Attracts love and enhances relationships."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-offering-devotion a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Offering/Devotion"@en ; skos:definition "Offered to spirits as devotion or tribute."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-prosperity-abundance a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Prosperity/Abundance"@en ; skos:definition "Attracts wealth, prosperity, and abundance."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-protection-boundary a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Protection/Boundary"@en ; skos:definition "Creates protective boundaries, shields from harm."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-purification-cleansing a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Purification/Cleansing"@en ; skos:definition "Spiritual cleansing, removal of negative influences."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-rites-of-transition a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Rites of Transition"@en ; skos:definition "Used in initiation, birth, death, and marriage ceremonies."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .
iroko:ritual-road-opening a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Road Opening"@en ; skos:definition "Opens paths, removes obstacles, facilitates opportunities."@en ; skos:inScheme iroko:RitualUseScheme .