Legal/Justice
type: Concept
definition: Legal matters, court cases, justice.
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification

name collision
minimum access level: access-community-only
comment: Boolean indicating if the same vernacular name refers to multiple distinct species.
range: boolean
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Plant

Rites of Transition
definition: Used in initiation, birth, death, and marriage ceremonies.
type: Concept
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification

Powder (Afoche)
in scheme: Preparation Method Classification
definition: Dried and ground into powder.
type: Concept

Prosperity/Abundance
type: Concept
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification
definition: Attracts wealth, prosperity, and abundance.

General Tonic
definition: Overall health tonic, vitality support.
type: Concept
in scheme: Medicinal Use Classification

Infusion (Hot Water)
in scheme: Preparation Method Classification
type: Concept
definition: Steeped in hot water like tea.

Wildcrafted (No Ritual)
in scheme: Harvest Protocol Classification
type: Concept
definition: Harvested from wild without specific ritual protocol.

Herbarium Sheet
type: Class
comment: Physical plant specimen preserved for documentation. Links botanical voucher to a plant record and archival photograph via iroko:documentsPlant and iroko:photographicVoucher. Darwin Core alignment: iroko:specimenNumber skos:exactMatch dwc:catalogNumber (declared in iroko-align-dwc).
subclass of: DocumentaryEvidence

harvest protocol
domain: Plant
comment: Method of harvesting: ritual vs. commercial, timing, offerings required. Values: iroko:harvest-ritual-offering-required, iroko:harvest-wildcrafted, iroko:harvest-cultivated, etc.
type: ObjectProperty
minimum access level: access-community-only
range: Concept

process reference
range: RitualProcess
type: ObjectProperty
minimum access level: access-community-only
domain: Plant
comment: Ritual process where this plant is used. Links to Travay module.

Death Rites
type: Concept
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification
definition: Funeral ceremonies and death transitions.

Ritual Harvest (Offering Required)
type: Concept
definition: Requires ritual protocol and offering to plant spirit before harvesting.
in scheme: Harvest Protocol Classification

Ritual Use Classification
has top concept: Offering/Devotion
description: Controlled vocabulary of ceremonial and spiritual applications.
has top concept: Road Opening
has top concept: Prosperity/Abundance
has top concept: Love/Attraction
has top concept: Cosmological/Symbolic
has top concept: Death Rites
has top concept: Rites of Transition
has top concept: Consecration
has top concept: Legal/Justice
type: ConceptScheme
has top concept: Ancestor Veneration
has top concept: Healing/Restoration
has top concept: House/Space Blessing
has top concept: Domination/Binding
has top concept: Invocation/Communication
has top concept: Protection/Boundary
has top concept: Purification/Cleansing
has top concept: Divination Enhancement

Medicinal Use Classification
has top concept: Fever Reduction
has top concept: Pain Relief
has top concept: Respiratory Support
has top concept: Spiritual/Psychosomatic
has top concept: Pediatric
has top concept: Skin/Topical
has top concept: Digestive Support
has top concept: General Tonic
has top concept: Anti-Inflammatory
type: ConceptScheme
description: Controlled vocabulary of medicinal and healing applications.
has top concept: Reproductive/Fertility
has top concept: Wound Healing
has top concept: Maternal/Postpartum

documents plant
range: Plant
minimum access level: access-public-unrestricted
comment: Links a HerbariumSheet voucher specimen to the Plant record it documents. Enables herbarium institution records to join to Iroko plant records.
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Herbarium Sheet

entity association
range: SpiritualEntity
type: ObjectProperty
minimum access level: access-public-unrestricted
comment: Spiritual entity (orisa, lwa, mpungu) associated with this plant. Links to Nkisi module.
domain: Plant

preparation method
type: ObjectProperty
range: Concept
comment: General preparation method. Values: iroko:prep-infusion, iroko:prep-decoction, iroko:prep-bath, etc.
domain: Plant
minimum access level: access-community-only

Fever Reduction
definition: Reduces fever, antipyretic properties.
in scheme: Medicinal Use Classification
type: Concept

Cultivated
in scheme: Harvest Protocol Classification
type: Concept
definition: Grown intentionally in gardens or farms.

Ewe Plant Record
subclass of: Plant
comment: An archival record documenting a sacred plant within the Iroko Historical Society dataset. Subclass of Plant. Use this class for dataset instances; use iroko:Plant for abstract botanical entities and cross-module joins.
type: Class

Spiritual/Psychosomatic
type: Concept
definition: Addresses spiritual and emotional dimensions of illness.
in scheme: Medicinal Use Classification

ritual use
domain: Plant
range: Concept
minimum access level: access-public-unrestricted
comment: Ceremonial or spiritual application of this plant. Values: iroko:ritual-purification-cleansing, iroko:ritual-protection-boundary, etc.
type: ObjectProperty

Harvest Protocol Classification
has top concept: Requires Offering to Plant Spirit
description: Methods and requirements for harvesting plants.
has top concept: Requires Lunar Phase
has top concept: Commercial/Market
has top concept: Ritual Harvest (Offering Required)
has top concept: Cultivated
has top concept: Wildcrafted (No Ritual)
has top concept: Requires Specific Time of Day
type: ConceptScheme
has top concept: Requires Specific Practitioner

Plant Part Classification
has top concept: Sap
has top concept: Bulb
has top concept: Leaf
type: ConceptScheme
has top concept: Resin
has top concept: Flower
has top concept: Pollen
has top concept: Seed
has top concept: Root
has top concept: Bark
description: Which part of the plant is used.
has top concept: Fruit
has top concept: Whole Plant
has top concept: Stem

photographic voucher
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Plant
comment: Link to photographic documentation of this plant specimen. Aligns with dwc:associatedMedia (see iroko-align-dwc).
range: DocumentaryEvidence
minimum access level: access-public-unrestricted

Consecration
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification
type: Concept
definition: Consecrates objects, spaces, and persons.

Offering/Devotion
definition: Offered to spirits as devotion or tribute.
type: Concept
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification

Resin
type: Concept
in scheme: Plant Part Classification

Incantation-Only
in scheme: Preparation Method Classification
type: Concept
definition: Used ritually with words or prayers but not physically prepared.

Maceration (Cold Soak)
definition: Soaked in cold water or oil for an extended period.
type: Concept
in scheme: Preparation Method Classification

Topical Application
definition: Applied directly to skin or affected area.
type: Concept
in scheme: Preparation Method Classification

Iroko Framework: Ewe Module (Sacred Plant Knowledge)
version info: 2.1.0
modified: 2026-03-08
references: iroko-epistemic
type: Ontology
imports: iroko-core
version IRI: https://ontology.irokosociety.org/iroko-ewe/2.1.0
is part of: iroko-framework
description: Domain module. Vocabulary for documenting sacred plant knowledge in Afro-Atlantic traditions. Provides ritual use governance over Darwin Core botanical data. Focus on medicinal and ritual applications, harvest protocols, preparation methods, and access control for operational knowledge. Use with iroko-epistemic to model harvest and preparation constraints; with iroko-travay for ceremony context in which plants are deployed. Darwin Core alignment declarations are in iroko-align-dwc.
created: 2026-02-17
references: iroko-travay
creator: Iroko Historical Society
license: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

Preparation Method Classification
has top concept: Infusion (Hot Water)
has top concept: Incantation-Only
description: Methods for preparing plant materials.
has top concept: Poultice/Compress
has top concept: Tincture/Alcohol
has top concept: Dried Bundle
has top concept: Wash (Omiero/Lavage)
has top concept: Bath (Bano/Bain)
has top concept: Maceration (Cold Soak)
has top concept: Ingestion (Tea/Food)
has top concept: Decoction (Boiled)
has top concept: Topical Application
has top concept: Fumigation (Sahumerio)
type: ConceptScheme
has top concept: Powder (Afoche)

constituent quantity
comment: Quantity of a constituent plant in a preparation. Free-text to accommodate ritual number conventions (e.g. '21 leaves', '7 roots', 'a handful'). Attach to the PlantPreparation node, not to the Plant node directly.
minimum access level: access-community-only
range: string
domain: Plant Preparation
type: DatatypeProperty

Bath (Bano/Bain)
definition: Prepared as spiritual bath for immersion or washing.
in scheme: Preparation Method Classification
type: Concept

sign reference
minimum access level: access-initiated-only
range: DivinationSign
domain: Plant
comment: Divination sign that prescribes this plant. Links to Marca module.
type: ObjectProperty

Requires Offering to Plant Spirit
in scheme: Harvest Protocol Classification
type: Concept
definition: Offering (water, coins, tobacco) must be left at plant base.

Protection/Boundary
definition: Creates protective boundaries, shields from harm.
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification
type: Concept

Sap
in scheme: Plant Part Classification
type: Concept

preparation instructions
minimum access level: access-initiated-only
comment: Complete instructions for assembling the PlantPreparation: order of addition, timing, incantations, quantities, and critical steps. Governed at initiated-only minimum; elder-initiated for consecrated preparations such as Omiero.
domain: Plant Preparation
range: string
type: DatatypeProperty

Requires Specific Time of Day
in scheme: Harvest Protocol Classification
type: Concept
definition: Must be harvested at dawn, dusk, midnight, etc.

Cosmological/Symbolic
type: Concept
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification
definition: Represents cosmological principles and symbolic meaning.

preparation method (detailed)
range: string
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Exact preparation instructions including timing, quantities, and critical steps.
domain: Plant
minimum access level: access-initiated-only

Pediatric
in scheme: Medicinal Use Classification
type: Concept
definition: Safe for children, pediatric applications.

Ancestor Veneration
type: Concept
definition: Honors ancestors, facilitates ancestral connection.
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification

specimen number
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Herbarium catalog number or specimen identifier. Aligns with dwc:catalogNumber (see iroko-align-dwc).
minimum access level: access-public-unrestricted
domain: Herbarium Sheet
range: string

Ingestion (Tea/Food)
definition: Consumed internally as tea, tonic, or food.
in scheme: Preparation Method Classification
type: Concept

Love/Attraction
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification
definition: Attracts love and enhances relationships.
type: Concept

plant part
comment: Which part of the plant is used. Values: iroko:part-leaf, iroko:part-root, iroko:part-bark, etc.
type: ObjectProperty
minimum access level: access-public-unrestricted
range: Concept
domain: Plant

Reproductive/Fertility
definition: Supports reproductive health and fertility.
type: Concept
in scheme: Medicinal Use Classification

Skin/Topical
definition: Applied to skin for rashes, irritation, wounds.
type: Concept
in scheme: Medicinal Use Classification

medicinal use
minimum access level: access-public-unrestricted
comment: Medicinal or healing application of this plant. Values from controlled vocabulary: iroko:medicinal-fever-reduction, iroko:medicinal-digestive-support, etc.
domain: Plant
range: Concept
type: ObjectProperty

harvest protocol (detailed)
domain: Plant
comment: Detailed harvest instructions: exact timing (dawn, dusk), direction (face east), quantities (3, 7, 9, 21), offerings required.
type: DatatypeProperty
range: string
minimum access level: access-community-only

Maternal/Postpartum
in scheme: Medicinal Use Classification
definition: Postpartum recovery and maternal health.
type: Concept

Leaf
type: Concept
in scheme: Plant Part Classification

Anti-Inflammatory
type: Concept
definition: Reduces inflammation and swelling.
in scheme: Medicinal Use Classification

Tincture/Alcohol
type: Concept
in scheme: Preparation Method Classification
definition: Extracted in alcohol or spirits.

Pain Relief
type: Concept
definition: Analgesic properties, relieves pain.
in scheme: Medicinal Use Classification

Fruit
in scheme: Plant Part Classification
type: Concept

Fumigation (Sahumerio)
in scheme: Preparation Method Classification
definition: Burned as incense or smoke for cleansing.
type: Concept

collision notes (deprecated)
comment: Deprecated plural form. Use iroko:collisionNote instead.
type: DatatypeProperty
deprecated: true

ritual notes (deprecated)
type: AnnotationProperty
deprecated: true
comment: Deprecated plural form. Use iroko:ritualNote instead.

Respiratory Support
in scheme: Medicinal Use Classification
definition: Supports respiratory system, cough relief, asthma.
type: Concept

Commercial/Market
definition: Purchased from commercial sources or markets.
in scheme: Harvest Protocol Classification
type: Concept

Road Opening
type: Concept
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification
definition: Opens paths, removes obstacles, facilitates opportunities.

Divination Enhancement
definition: Enhances divinatory abilities and spiritual sight.
type: Concept
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification

Invocation/Communication
type: Concept
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification
definition: Facilitates communication with spirits and invocation.

ritual note
minimum access level: access-public-unrestricted
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Free-text annotation on ritual or linguistic context not captured by controlled vocabulary. Includes etymology, geographic distribution notes, and cross-tradition observations. Canonical singular form — use iroko:ritualNote, not iroko:ritualNotes.
range: string
domain: Ewe Plant Record

Requires Lunar Phase
in scheme: Harvest Protocol Classification
type: Concept
definition: Must be harvested during a specific moon phase.

collision note
comment: Explanation of name collision: which plants share the name, how to distinguish, regional variations. Canonical singular form — use iroko:collisionNote, not iroko:collisionNotes.
minimum access level: access-community-only
range: string
domain: Ewe Plant Record
type: DatatypeProperty

Plant Preparation
type: Class
comment: A prepared spiritual material combining specific plants with defined quantities and methods. Example: Omiero for Obatala (bath with 21 leaves of Akoko, Prodigiosa, Albahaca blanca). Constituent plants are linked via iroko:hasConstituent; quantities via iroko:constituentQuantity; full instructions via iroko:preparationInstructions (initiated-only).

ritual context
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Textual description of ceremonial use context.
domain: Plant
minimum access level: access-community-only
range: string

Wash (Omiero/Lavage)
in scheme: Preparation Method Classification
type: Concept
definition: Prepared as liquid wash for ritual bathing or anointing.

Domination/Binding
type: Concept
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification
definition: Binds, controls, or dominates situations or people.

Wound Healing
in scheme: Medicinal Use Classification
type: Concept
definition: Promotes wound healing, tissue repair.

Requires Specific Practitioner
type: Concept
definition: Must be harvested by a practitioner with specific initiation.
in scheme: Harvest Protocol Classification

Plant
comment: Sacred plant entity in Afro-Atlantic traditions. Adds ritual, medicinal, and access governance dimensions to botanical description. Darwin Core alignment (owl:equivalentClass dwc:Occurrence, skos:exactMatch dwc:Taxon) is declared in iroko-align-dwc.
subclass of: SacredEntity
type: Class

Poultice/Compress
definition: Applied topically as paste or compress.
type: Concept
in scheme: Preparation Method Classification

Seed
in scheme: Plant Part Classification
type: Concept

Digestive Support
in scheme: Medicinal Use Classification
type: Concept
definition: Supports digestive system, relieves stomach issues.

has constituent
comment: Links a PlantPreparation to each constituent Plant. A preparation may have multiple constituents. Use with iroko:constituentQuantity to record the quantity of each constituent.
range: Plant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Plant Preparation
minimum access level: access-community-only

Dried Bundle
in scheme: Preparation Method Classification
definition: Dried and bundled for hanging or storage.
type: Concept

contraindication
range: string
domain: Plant
type: DatatypeProperty
minimum access level: access-public-unrestricted
comment: Safety warnings: allergic reactions, pregnancy contraindications, toxic if ingested, etc.

House/Space Blessing
type: Concept
definition: Blesses homes, workplaces, and sacred spaces.
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification

Purification/Cleansing
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification
definition: Spiritual cleansing, removal of negative influences.
type: Concept

Bulb
in scheme: Plant Part Classification
type: Concept

Whole Plant
in scheme: Plant Part Classification
type: Concept

Healing/Restoration
in scheme: Ritual Use Classification
type: Concept
definition: Spiritual healing, restoration of balance.

Stem
type: Concept
in scheme: Plant Part Classification

Bark
type: Concept
in scheme: Plant Part Classification

Pollen
in scheme: Plant Part Classification
type: Concept

Decoction (Boiled)
definition: Boiled to extract properties from harder plant parts.
type: Concept
in scheme: Preparation Method Classification

Flower
type: Concept
in scheme: Plant Part Classification

Root
type: Concept
in scheme: Plant Part Classification